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THIS bibliography presents some of the most recent works of literature written by Puerto Ricans born and raised in the United States. Its contents testify to the proliferation of literary voices within the Puerto Rican communities in the United States. As Juan Flores anticipated eight years ago, women's voices have contributed enormously to a different characterization of the Puerto Rican experience, and writers from different corners of the United States (such as Philadelphia, Boston, and cities in California, Georgia, and Missouri) have a significant presence in today's literary production. The aesthetic projects of these new writers have begun to rearticulate the poetics of the earlier work of Nuyorican writers.
Geographical diversity differentiates this bibliography from Edna Acosta-Beléns “The Literature of Puerto Rican Migration in the United States: An Annotated Bibliography”: the literature presented here is no longer the exclusive domain of writers from New York City. Even though a younger generation of Nuyorican writers continues to produce vibrant literature, this bibliography documents a wider trajectory of the Puerto Rican diaspora. This broader perspective can be seen in the work of Judith Ortiz Cofer, Martin Espada, Aurora Levins Morales, and others.
Despite deep cuts in funding for Puerto Rican Studies and ethnic studies in general, literary as well as critical production in these areas has flourished, and critics from the United States and Puerto Rico have become increasingly interested in literature written by Puerto Ricans in the United States. Although major publishing houses have been slow to publish these writers, we have seen a proliferation of criticism in Spanish about this literature, an increasing number of dissertations written exclusively on Puerto Rican writers, and numerous conference panels dedicated to the subject. With more than two hundred participants from Puerto Rico and the United States, the September 1996 Puerto Rican Studies Association conference in Puerto Rico attested to that vitality.
This bibliography is meant to complement and update Acosta-Belén's. Thus I cite only texts not found in her work. For authors who have not published in the last eight years, I refer the readers to previous bibliographies. Marc Zimmerman has recently published a bibliography that includes Puerto Rican authors: U.S. Latino Literature: An Essay and Annotated Bibliography (Chicago: March/ Abrazo, 1992). I mark with an asterisk texts listed in that volume. Because of the limited scope of this work, I have cited a few other bibliographies that will provide additional information.
Algarín, Miguel, and Bob Holman, eds. Aloud: Voices from the Nuyorican Poets Café . New York: Holt, 1994.
Poetry read in the Nuyorican Poets Café. Includes works by well-established Nuyorican poets such as Sandra Maria Esteves, Pedro Pietri, Tato Laviera, and Miguel Algarín.
Augenbraun, Harold, and Ilan Stavans, eds. Growing Up Latino: Memories and Stories . Introd. Augenbraun and Stavans. Boston: Houghton, 1993.
Short stories organized by theme. Includes stories by Judith Ortiz Cofer, Piri Thomas, Nicholasa Mohr, Ed Vega, J. L. Torres, and Edward Rivera.
Daly-Heyck, Denis Lynn, ed. Barrios and Borderlands: Culture of Latinos and Latinas in the U.S. New York: Routledge, 1994.
Includes critical essays by Juan Flores, Virginia Sánchez Korrol, and Nicholasa Mohr and excerpts of works by Edward Rivera, Aurora Levins Morales, Rosario Morales, and Judith Ortiz Cofer.
Fernández, Roberta, ed. In Other Words: Literature by Latinas of the United States . Houston: Arte Páblico, 1994.
Poems and short stories. Includes works by Nicholasa Mohr, Judith Ortiz Cofer, Aurora Levins Morales, and Sandra María Esteves.
Kanello, Nicolás, ed. Short Stories by Hispanic Writers of the United States . Houston: Arte Público, 1993.
Includes works of well-established writers such as Judith Ortiz Cofer and Nicholasa Mohr.
Kanello, Nicolás, and Jorge Huertas, eds. Nuevos Pasos: Chicano and Puerto Rican Drama . Houston: Arte Público, 1989.
A reprint of the works published in 1979 in Revista Chicano-Riqueña . Includes: Jaime Carrero's The FM Safe , Miguel Algarín and Tato Laviera's Olú Clemente , and Miguel Piñero's The Sun Always Shines for the Cool .
López-Adorno, Pedro, ed. Papiros de Babel: Antología de la poesía puertorriqueña en Nueva York . Río Piedras: U of Puerto Rico P, 1991.
A collection of Spanish poetry written by authors born in the United States and Puerto Rico.
Negrón-Muntaner, Frances, ed. Shouting in a Whisper / Los límites del silencio: Poesía latina en Philadelphia . Santiago: Asterion, 1994.
A bilingual collection of poetry by Philadelphia-based Latino poets, including Frances Negrón-Muntaner, Catalina Ríos, Luis Alberto Hernández, and William Manuel Mena-Santiago.
Poey, Delia, and Virgil Suárez, eds. Iguana Dreams: New Latino Fictions . New York: Harper, 1992.
Stories by new writers, including Abraham Rodríguez, Ed Vega, Judith Ortiz Cofer, and Ed Morales.
Santiago, Roberto, ed. Boricuas. Influential Puerto Rican Writings—An Anthology . New York: Ballatine, 1995.
Poetry, essays, and short stories, and excerpts from previously published novels by authors born in the United States and Puerto Rico. Organized into six sections: “Pride,” “History and Politics,” “Identity and Self-Esteem,” “Anxiety and Assimilation,” “Urban Reality,” and “Love, Faith, and Transcendence.”
Tashlic, Phyllis, ed. Hispanic, Female, and Young . Houston: Arte Público, 1995.
Works by both young and well-established Latina writers, including Judith Ortiz Cofer, Sandra María Esteves, and Nicholasa Mohr. Reflects on growing up female and Hispanic.
Turner, Faythe, ed. Puerto Rican Writers at Home in the US . Seattle: Open Hand, 1991.
Poetry and prose, some previously published, by well-established writers.
Vigil-Piñon, Evangelina, ed. Women of Her Word: Hispanic Women Write . Houston: Arte Público, 1987.
Poetry, short stories, and criticism. Includes works by Puerto Rican authors such as Nicholasa Mohr, Judith Ortiz Cofer, and Sandra María Esteves and a critical essay about Sandra María Esteves by Luz María Umpierre. Reprints a 1983 issue of Revista Chicano Riqueña .
Agüeros, Jack. “ Dominoes” and Other Stories from the Puerto Rican . Willimantic: Curbstone, 1993.
These stories about el barrio , covering the decades of the 1940s through the 1990s, convey the daily struggles of the community, its achievements and its failures.
Ambert, Alba. A Perfect Silence . Houston: Arte Público, 1995.
A young woman from the South Bronx breaks away from the ghetto and encounters the difficulties of living in two worlds.
Arrillaga, María. Mañana Valentina. San Juan: Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1996.
A novel recounting the transformation of the narrator as she becomes involved with feminist struggles in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s.
Benítez, Sandra. A Place Where the Sea Remembers . New York: Simon, 1993.
In a small village in Mexico two sisters come to terms with their destiny.
De Monteflores, Carmen. Singing Softly / Cantando bajito . San Francisco: Spinsters/Aunt Lute, 1989.
The narrator recounts the story of her mother and grandmother and reveals the secrets that surrounded their lives.
Fernández, Carole. Sleep of the Innocent . Houston: Arte Público, 1991.
This first novel deals with the consequences for the family, especially for women, of social change and revolution.
Ferré, Rosario. The House in the Lagoon . New York: Harper, 1995.
As a woman writes a novel about family life, she starts to liberate herself and at the same time brings her marriage into chaos. The first novel the author has written in English.
Nolla, Olga. La segunda hija . Río Piedras: U of Puerto Rico P, 1992.
The transformation of the life of an upper-middle-class family that moves from the Puerto Rican countryside to Worcester, Massachussets. Narrated by the family's second child.
Olivieri Albino, Pablo R. Cuentas . Seattle: Rincón Cultural, 1995.
A novel written outside Puerto Rico, in Spanish, depicting life in the countryside where coffee is grown. Deals with the transformations that occurred between the 1940s and the 1960s, which paved the way for the massive immigration to the United States.
Ortiz Cofer, Judith. An Island like You: Stories of the Barrio . New York: Orchard, 1995.
Twelve stories about teenagers growing up in New Jersey and their difficulties balancing their parents' demands and their urban milieu.
*———. The Line of the Sun . Athens: U of Georgia P, 1989.
An autobiographical novel about a family in the Puerto Rican countryside ( Salud ) and the immigration of their son and daughter to the United States. Narrated by the daughter's oldest child.
*Rivera, Oswald. Fire and Rain: A Novel of Vietnam . New York: Four Walls/ Eight Windows, 1990.
A first novel by a New York-based writer. The Vietnam War.
Rodríguez, Abraham, Jr. The Boy without a Flag . Milwaukee: Milkweed, 1992.
A first book. Focuses on young city dwellers and their difficulties finding an alternative to drug abuse and despair.
———. Spidertown . New York: Hyperion, 1992.
A continuation of the short story “Happy Birthday.” Narrates a young drug dispatcher's involvement with a girlfriend and his eventual withdrawal from the underworld.
Rodríguez, Victor. Eldorado in East Harlem . Houston: Arte Público, 1992.
A teenager tries to fulfill the American dream by selling drugs until he endangers himself.
Santiago, Esmeralda. América's Dream . New York: Harper, 1996.
A domestic worker from Vieques is abused by her companion and travels to the United States as a nanny.
*Vega, Ed. Casualty Reports . Houston: Arte Público, 1991.
A collection of short stories, some previously published, focusing on the Vietnam War and the Puerto Rican community.
Agüeros, Jack. Correspondence between the Stonehaulers . New York: Hanging Loose, 1991.
A first book, divided in four sections: “Sonnets from the Puerto Rican,” a collection of sonnets of everyday life in New York City; “Psalm for The Redeployent of Angels,” psalms and other compositions about injustice in New York City; “More Sonnets from the Puerto Rican,” poems about various city dwellers; and “Correspondence between the Stonehaulers,” in which two workers (an Egyptian and an Incan) discuss their miseries while working on grandiose projects.
Braschi, Giannina. The Empire of Dreams . Trans. Tess O'Dwyer. Introd. Alice Ostriker. New Haven: Yale UP, 1994. Trans. of El imperio de los sueños . Barcelona: Anthropos, 1988.
A collection of seven books of poetry about the modern and postmodern urban experience of the immigrant.
Espada, Martín. City of Coughing and Dead Radiators . New York: Norton, 1993.
The author's fourth book of poetry. Explores topics such as the lives of tenants in Massachusetts and the experiences of a writer holding odd jobs.
*———. Rebellion Is the Circle of a Lovers Hands / Rebelión es el giro de manos del amante . Trans. Camilo Pérez Bustillo. Willimantic: Curbstone, 1990.
Divided into two sections (“If Only History Were like Your Hands” and “To Skin the Hands of God”), the author's third collection of poetry is deeply rooted in the Puerto Rican independentist movement and its literary production.
*———. Trumpets from the Islands of Their Eviction . Tempe: BRP, 1988.
A collection of poems influenced by the Spanish American conversational poetic tradition. Subjects include the struggles and achievements of Latinos and Latinas, as well as those of other working-class people and immigrants.
*Esteves, Sandra María. Bluestown Mockingbird Mambo . Houston: Arte Público, 1990.
A work in three sections: “Indian Solo,” about the communion with nature; “For Immediate Delivery,” about death and dying; and “Batarumba Autonomy,” about African traditions and rhythms.
*Hernández, David. Roof Top Piper . Chicago: Tía Chucha, 1991.
According to Zimmerman, “Hernández presents poems filled with humor, sentiment and hope. Some social protest but now also much private sometimes amusing, musing meditation by a poet recently made aware of his own mortality.”
*Hernández Cruz, Victor. Red Beans . Minneapolis: Coffee House, 1991.
Includes poems about the author's life in three metropolitan centers: New York, San Francisco, and San Juan.
———. Rhythm, Content, and Flavor: New and Selected Poems . Houston: Arte Público, 1989.
A collection of poems, some previously published. Engages the reader in the musicality that the author believes poetry should provide.
*Laviera, Tato. Mainstream Ethics . Houston: Arte Público, 1988.
Focuses on the power of Hispanic tradition to survive total displacement but, recognizing that traditions change, avoids a fundamentalist stance.
Vando, Carmen. Promesas: Geography of the Impossible . Houston: Arte Público, 1993.
Treats the promises of a new world and the disenchantment resulting from Columbus's arrival.
Antush, John, ed. Nuestro New York: An Anthology of Puerto Rican Plays . Introd. Antush. New York: Mentor, 1994.
Covers the production of Puerto Rican drama, beginning with The Betrothal (1958), by Roberto Rodríguez Suárez. Includes Spanish Eyes (1982), by Eduardo lván López; Siempre en mi corazón (1986), by Oscar A. Colón; The Boiler Room (1987), by Reuben González; I Am Winner (1987), by Fred Valle; Zookeeper (1986), by Juan Shamsul Alán; Some People Have All the Luck (1990), by Cándido Tirado; Marlene (1990), by Eva López; Rising Sun, Falling Star (1991), by Yolanda Rodríguez; Julia (1992), by Carmen Rivera; and Marisol (1992), by José Rivera, which was produced in 1992 at the Humana Festival of New American Plays in Louisville.
———, ed. Recent Puerto Rican Theater: Five Plays from New York . Houston: Arte Público, 1991.
Plays by contemporary Puerto Rican authors that have been produced. Includes Bodega , by Federico Fraguada; Family Scenes , by Ivette M. Rarmírez; Midnight Blues , by Juan Shamsul Alam; Ariano , by Richard V. Irizarry; and First Class , by Candido Tirado.
Pietri, Pedro. Illusions of a Revolving Door . Introd. Alfredo Matilla. Río Piedras: U of Puerto Rico P, 1992.
These seven plays, already produced by Pietri, constitute much of his dramatic production in the last twenty years. Includes Jesus Is Leaving (1973), Illusions of a Revolving Door (1973), The Livingroom (1975), I Dare You to Resist Me (1977), Act One and Only (1979), A Play for the Page and Not the Stage (produced in 1979, published in 1980), and Sell the Bell or Go Straight to Hell (1981).
Colón, Jesús. “ The Way It Was” and Other Writings . Ed. Edna Acosta-Belén and Virginia Sánchez Korrol. Houston: Arte Público, 1993.
Reveals the evolution of the Puerto Rican community in New York.
Mohr, Nicholasa. Growing Up inside the Sanctuary of My Imagination . New York: Messner, 1994.
A memoir of growing up in East Harlem. Attests to the power of writing and painting as creative alternatives to typical pursuits in the ghetto.
Ortiz Cofer, Judith. The Latin Deli . U of Georgia P, 1993.
A collection of short stories, essays, and poems. Addresses issues related to being Puerto Rican in the Northeast through the author's and her neighbors' everyday experience.
*———. Silent Dancing: A Partial Remembrance of a Puerto Rican Childhood . Houston: Arte Público, 1990.
A memoir, including poems and prose vignettes, of the author's childhood in Puerto Rico and Paterson, New Jersey, as the daughter of a navy serviceman.
Santiago, Esmeralda. When I Was Puerto Rican . Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1993.
The autobiography of a young girl living in Macún who emigrates to San Juan and later to Brooklyn and who becomes the first university graduate in her family.
Acosta-Belín, Edna. “Beyond Island Boundaries: Ethnicity, Gender, and Cultural Revitalization in Nuyorican Literature.” Callalao 15 (1992): 979–98.
———. “The Building of a Community: Puerto Rican Writers and Activists in New York City (1890–1960).” Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage . Ed. Ramón Gutiérrez and Genero Padilla. Houston: Arte Público, 1994.179–95.
Acosta-Belén, Edna, and Carlos E. Santiago. “Merging Borders: The Remapping of America.” Latino Review of Books 1 (1995): 1–12.
Aparicio, Frances. “Language on Language: Metalinguistic Discourse in the Betryal of US Latinos.” Latino Studies Journal 2.2 (1991): 58–74.
———. “Salsa, Maracas, and Baile: Latin Popular Music in the Poetry of Victor Hernández Cruz.” MELUS 16.1 (1989–90):43–58.
———. “Tato Laviera y Algarín: Hacia una poética bilingüe.” Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños Bulletin 2.3 (1988): 7–13, 86–96.
———. “ La Vida Es un Spanglish Disparatero : Bilinguism in Nuyorican Poetry.” European Perspectives on Hispanic Literature of the United States . Ed. Genvieve Fabre. Houston: Arte Público, 1988. 43–58.
Barradas, Efraín. “How to Read Bernardo Vega.” The Commuter Nation: Perspectives on Puerto Rican Migration . Ed. Carlos Antonio Torre, Hugo Rodríguez Vecchini, and Willliam Burgos. Río Piedras: U of Puerto Rico P, 1994, 313–28.
———. “Literatura puertorriqueña en los Estados Unidos o cómo, con un poco de voluntad hasta Shakespeare puede llegar a ser boricua.” Brújula/Compass: Boletín del Instituto de Escritores Latinoamericanos 7–8 (1990): 20–22.
———. “Mira, mira, mira: Julio Sánchez, pintor neorrican.” Plástica Sept. 1993: 37–49.
Benmayor, Rina. “Getting Home Alive: The Politics of Multiple Identity.” Americas Review 17.3–4 (1989): 107–17.
Binder, Wolfgang. “‘A Midnight Reality’: Puerto Rican Poetry in New York, a Poetry of Dreams.” European Perspectives on Hispanic Literature of the United States . Ed. Genvieve Fabre. Houston: Arte Público, 1988. 22–32.
Bruce Nova, Juan. “Judith Ortiz Cofer's Ritual of Movement.” Americas Review 19.3–4 (1991): 88–100.
Costa, Marithelma. “¿Y qué dicen los escritores neorriqueños sobre el idioma, la literature y la identidad nacional?” La revista del Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Puerto Rico y el Caribe 9 (1989): 69–73.
Cruz-Malavé, Arnaldo. “Para virar el macho: La autobiografía como subversión en la cuentística de Manuel Ramos Otero.” Revista iberoamericana 162–63 (1993): 239–63.
———. “Towards an Art of Transvestism: Colonialism and Homosexuality in Puerto Rican Literature.” ¿Entiendes? Queer Readings, Hispanic Writings . Ed. Emilie Bergmann and Paul Julian Smith. Durham: Duke UP, 1995. 137–67.
———. “‘What a Tangled Web …!’: Masculinidad y abyección en la literaura puertorriqueña de los Estados Unidos.” Postdata (1995): 76–83.
de la Campa, Román. “En la utopía redentora del lenguaje: Pedro Pietri y Miguel Algarín.” Americas Review 16.2 (1988): 49–67.
Fernández Olmos, Margarite. “Growing Up Puertoriqueñas : The Feminist Bildungsroman and the Novels of Nicholasa Mohr and Magali García Ramis.” Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños Bulleltin 2.7 (1989–1990): 56–73.
———. Sobre la literature puertorriqueña de aquíy de allá. Aproximaciones feministas . Santo Domingo: Alpha, 1989.
Flores, Juan. Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity . Houston: Arte Público, 1993.
Gutiérrez, Ramón, and Genaro Padilla, eds. Recovering the US Hispanic Heritage . Houston: Arte Público, 1993.
Horno-Delgado, Asunción, et al., eds. Breaking Boundaries: Latina Writing and Critical Readings . Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1989.
Essays from a 1986 symposium on Spanish and Portuguese bilingualism at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Includes articles about Chicanas, Puertorriqueñas, and Cubanas.
Lugo de Puig, Isabel C. “Immigration and Writing: A Woman's Perspective.” Revista de estudios generates 10 (1995–1996): 87–98.
Martínez-San Miguel, Yolanda. “Deconstructive Puerto Ricanness through Sexuality and the Diaspora: Feminine Counter-narratives on Puerto Rican Identity.” Reading between Black and White Keys: Deep Crossing in African Diaspora Studies . Proc. of Saint Clair Drake Graduate Cultural Studies Forum. 6 Apr. 1994. Berkeley: U of California, 1994. 15–30.
Matilla-Rivas, Alfredo. “El absurdo de la vida y la muerte del trabajador boricua en los Estados Unidos según Pedro Pietri.” Exégesis 3.8 (1989): 2–9.
———. “Algunos aspectos del teatro de Pedro Pietri.” Confluencia 5 (1989): 91–97.
———. “ Rent-a-Coffin : Las bases conceptuales del teatro de Pedro Pietri.” Revista del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña 98 (1991): 43–46.
McCracken, Ellen. “Latina Narrative and Politics of Signification: Articulation, Antagonism, and Populist Rupture.” Crítica 2.2 (1990): 202–07.
Mohr, Nicholasa. “The Journey towards a Common Ground: Struggle and Identity of Hispanics in the United States.” Americas Review 18.1 (1990): 81–85.
———. “On Being Authentic.” Americas Review 24.3–4 (1986): 106–09.
———. “Puerto Rican Writers in the US, Puerto Rican Writers in Puerto Rico: A Separation beyond Language: Testimonio.” Breaking Boundaries: Latina Writing and Critical Readings . Ed. Asunción Horno-Delgado et al. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1989. 111–16.
Ortega, Eliana. “Sandra María Esteves' Poetic Work: Demythicizing Puerto Rican Poetry in the United States.” The Commuter Nation: Perspectives on Puerto Rican Migration . Ed. Carlos Antonio Torre, Hugo Rodríguez Vecchini, and William Burgos. Río Piedras: U of Puerto Rico P, 1994. 329–42.
Ortiz Cofer, Judith. “The Infinite Variety of the Puerto Rican Reality: An Interview with Judith Ortiz Cofer.” With Rafael Ocasio. Callaloo 17 (1994): 730–42.
———. “ A MELUS Interview: Judith Ortiz Cofer.” With Edna Acosta-Belén. MELUS 18.3 (1993): 83–97.
———. “Puerto Rican Literature in Georgia? An Interview with Judith Ortiz Cofer.” With Rafael Ocasio. Kenyon Review 14.4 (1992): 43–50.
———. “Speaking in Puerto Rican: An Interview with Judith Ortiz Cofer.” With Rafael Ocasio and Rita Ganey. Bilingual Review / La revista bilingüe 17 (1992): 143–46.
Ortiz Márquez, Maribel. “‘ Puerto Rican without Apologies ’: La narrativa de Abraham Rodríguez, Jr.” Diálogo Jan. 1995: 50–51.
Ossers-Cabrera, Manuel A. “Pedro Mir, Pedro Pietri y Nicolás Guillén o hay tres países en el mundo.” Eme-Eme, Estudios Dominicanos 19 (1991–92): 33–41, 90–91.
Pérez, Janet. “The Island and Beyond: Literary Space in Puerto Rican Women's Poetry.” Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos 14 (1990): 473–94.
Piedra, José. “His and Her Panic.” Dispositio , 16–41 (1991): 71–93.
Platizky, Roger S. “Human Vision in Miguel Piñero's ‘Short Eyes.’” Americas Review 19.1 (1991): 83–91.
Ramos, Julio. “Migratorias.” Postdata Aug. 1994: 75–79.
Reyes Rivera, Louis. “Within the Context of a Nuyorican Element: Sandra María Esteves.” Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños Bulletin 2.3 (1988): 50–55.
Rodríguez Vicchini, Hugo. “Cuando Esmeralda ‘era’ puertorriqueña: Autobiografía etnográfica y autobiografía neopicaresca.” Nómada Apr. 1995: 145–60.
Romany, Celina. “Neither Here nor There … Yet.” Callalo 15 (1992): 1034–38.
Rosa, William. “Visión humorística del espacio en la poesía de Pedro Pietri.” Americas Review 19.1 (1991): 101–10.
Ruiz-Cumba, Israel. “Hacia una lectura de Las memorias de Bernardo Vega.” Inti-Revista de Literatura Hispánica 31 (1990): 50–66.
Sandoval Sánchez, Alberto. “ A Chorus Line : Not Such a ‘One Super Sensation’ for the Puerto Rican Crossovers.” Ollantay Theater Magazine 1.1 (1993): 46–60.
———. “La identidad especular del alláy el acá: Nuestra propia imagen puertorriqueña en cuestión.” Centro 4.2 (1992): 28–43.
———. “La puesta en escena de la familia immigrante puertorriqueña.” Revista Iberoamericana 59.162–63 (1993): 345–59.
———. “West Side Story: A Puerto Rican Reading of ‘America.’” Jump Cut 39 (1994): 59–66.
San Pedro, Teresa. “La esperpéntica realidad del cuento tradicional en el poema ‘Cuento sin hadas’ de Luz María Umpierre.” Americas Review 19.1 (1991): 92–100.
Scannavini, Anna. Per una poetica del bilinguismo: Lo spagnolo nella letteratura portoricana in inglese . Studi e ricerche. Roma: Bulzoni, 1994.
Umpierre, Luz María. “When Sappho Suffers …: Marie-Jose Fortis Talks to Luzma Umpierre.” Collage and Bricolages 7 (1993): 55–61.
Zentella, Ana Celia. “Returned Migration, Language, and Identity: Puerto Rican Bilingual in Dos Worlds / Two Mundos.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 84 (1990): 81–100.
Acosta-Belén, Edna. “The Literature of the Puerto Rican Migration in the United States: An Annotated Bibliography.” ADE Bulletin 91 (1988): 56–62. Republished with revisions in A. LaVonne Brown Ruoff and Jerry W. Ward, eds., Redefining American Literary History (New York: MLA, 1990) 373–78. [Show Article]
Augenbraum, Harold, ed. Latinos in English: A Selected Bibliography of Latino Fiction Writers of the United States . New York: Mercantile Lib., 1992.
Kanellos, Nicolas, ed. Bibliographical Dictionary of Hispanic Literature in the United States: The Literature of Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans, and Other Hispanic Writers . New York: Greenwood, 1989.
Zimmerman, Mark. US Latino Literature . Chicago: March/ Abrazo, 1992.
The author is Assistant Professor of Spanish at the University of Puerto Rico, Rios Piedras.
This bibliography was made possible through the contributions of José Torres, Lola Aponte, Vanessa Vilches, Yolanda Martínez-San Miguel, Ada Fuentes-Rivera, Charmaine Wellington, and George Noble. To all of them, my deepest appreciation.
The Puerto Rican bibliography is one of a series on multicultural literatures initiated by the MLA Committee on the Literatures and Languages of America. In addition to the bibliographies on Chicano and Chicana Literature and Puerto Rican Literature appearing in this issue, bibliographies on African American, Asian American, and Native American literature are scheduled to appear in the ADE Bulletin in the coming year. This series updates an earlier series appearing in the ADE Bulletin 1983–88.
© 1997 by the Association of Departments of Foreign Languages. All Rights Reserved.
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